Dhatu Roop in Hindi:
Dhatu Roop (धातु रूप) in Hindi refers to the conjugation of verbs. It essentially shows how a verb changes its form depending on the person, number, gender, tense, and mood of the sentence.
Types of Dhatu Roop:
There are various types of Dhatu Roop, categorized based on their tense and mood. Some common types include:
1. Lakara (लकार): This broadly categorizes the Dhatu Roop based on the tense and mood. Here are some common Lakaras:
* Pratham Lakara (प्रथम लकार): Present Tense
* Madhyama Lakara (मध्यम लकार): Future Tense
* Uttama Lakara (उत्तम लकार): Past Tense
* Lot Lakara (लोट लकार): Imperative Mood
* Lrit Lakara (लृट लकार): Conditional Mood
* Vidhi Lakara (विधि लकार): Potential Mood
2. Further Classifications within Lakaras:
* Present Tense:
* Present Continuous (वर्तमान काल): Describes an action happening now.
* Present Perfect (पूर्ण वर्तमान काल): Describes an action completed in the recent past.
* Future Tense:
* Simple Future (भविष्यत् काल): Describes an action that will happen in the future.
* Future Perfect (पूर्ण भविष्यत् काल): Describes an action that will be completed in the future.
* Past Tense:
* Simple Past (भूतकाल): Describes an action that happened in the past.
* Past Perfect (पूर्ण भूतकाल): Describes an action that was completed before another past action.
* Imperative Mood:
* Order/Command (आज्ञार्थक): Expresses a command or order.
* Request (निवेदन): Expresses a polite request.
* Conditional Mood:
* Hypothetical (अन्वयार्थक): Expresses a hypothetical situation.
* Potential Mood:
* Possibility (संभाव्य): Expresses possibility or capability.
Example:
Let's take the verb "bolna" (बोलना, to speak). Here is its Dhatu Roop in the Pratham Lakara (Present Tense):
| Person | Number | Gender | Dhatu Roop | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | Singular | Male | bolta hoon (बोलता हूँ) | I speak |
| You | Singular | Male | bolta hai (बोलता है) | You speak |
| He | Singular | Male | bolta hai (बोलता है) | He speaks |
| We | Plural | Male | bolte hain (बोलते हैं) | We speak |
| You | Plural | Male | bolte ho (बोलते हो) | You speak |
| They | Plural | Male | bolte hain (बोलते हैं) | They speak |
Note: This is just a basic example. The Dhatu Roop changes drastically based on the Lakara (tense and mood) and other factors.
Learning Dhatu Roop:
Mastering Dhatu Roop is crucial for understanding and speaking Hindi. It involves memorizing verb forms and practicing their usage in different contexts. You can find resources online and in textbooks that provide a comprehensive list of Dhatu Roop and their explanations.