1. Fabrics and Materials:
* Silk and Velvet: Spanish colonization introduced the use of these luxurious fabrics, previously uncommon in the Philippines. They became associated with elite and formal wear.
* Embroidery: Spanish embroidery techniques, intricate and detailed, influenced the decorative patterns on Filipino clothing, particularly in Barong Tagalog shirts and Filipiniana dresses.
2. Silhouettes and Styles:
* Barong Tagalog: Though the origins of the Barong are debated, its current form is heavily influenced by Spanish fashion. The transparent, embroidered shirt, worn over trousers, is a direct result of Spanish influence.
* Filipiniana Dress: The Filipiniana dress, often with a "butterfly" sleeve and a flowing, elegant silhouette, draws inspiration from Spanish gowns and dresses, particularly the "traje de mestiza."
* Kimona: This loose-fitting, collarless top, worn by both men and women, is directly adopted from the Japanese "kimono" and was introduced by Spanish friars.
3. Color and Ornamentation:
* Lace and Ruffles: Spanish influence brought the use of lace and ruffles, adding a touch of elegance and sophistication to Filipino garments.
* Color Palettes: The Spanish preference for vibrant colors like red, gold, and blue influenced the color choices in Filipino clothing.
* Jewelry and Accessories: Filipinos began incorporating Spanish-inspired jewelry, like filigree earrings and necklaces, into their attire.
4. Social Significance:
* Class Distinction: Clothing became a way to distinguish between social classes. Spanish-inspired garments, often made with expensive fabrics, were reserved for the elite, while simpler garments were worn by the lower classes.
* Religious Influence: Spanish Catholicism also influenced clothing styles, particularly during religious events and celebrations.
5. Lasting Legacy:
* National Dress: The Barong Tagalog and Filipiniana dress are now considered the national dress of the Philippines, a testament to the enduring influence of Spanish fashion on Filipino culture.
While the influence of Spanish fashion is evident in Filipino clothing, it's important to remember that these styles were also adapted and integrated with traditional Filipino aesthetics and techniques, resulting in a unique and diverse Filipino fashion identity.