1. Linguistic Knowledge:
* Phonology: Knowledge of sounds and how they are combined to form words.
* Morphology: Knowledge of word formation and how words are structured.
* Syntax: Knowledge of sentence structure and how words are arranged in a sentence.
* Semantics: Knowledge of word meaning and how meanings are combined in sentences.
* Pragmatics: Knowledge of how language is used in context, including social norms, conversational implicatures, and how to interpret intended meaning.
2. World Knowledge:
* General knowledge: Knowledge about the world, including facts, concepts, and events.
* Cultural knowledge: Knowledge about the customs, beliefs, and values of a particular culture.
* Personal experiences: Individual experiences that shape our understanding of the world and how we interpret language.
3. Cognitive Abilities:
* Memory: The ability to store and retrieve linguistic and world knowledge.
* Attention: The ability to focus on relevant information and ignore distractions.
* Reasoning: The ability to draw inferences and make logical deductions.
* Problem-solving: The ability to use language to solve problems and achieve goals.
4. Social and Emotional Knowledge:
* Social skills: The ability to understand and respond to social cues in communication.
* Emotional intelligence: The ability to understand and manage emotions, both our own and those of others.
5. Meta-linguistic Knowledge:
* Knowledge about language itself: Understanding how language works, its structure, and its limitations.
* Ability to reflect on language use: Being able to think about how language is used and to analyze its effectiveness.
6. Specific Knowledge for Different Language Functions:
* Reading and writing skills: Knowledge of the conventions of written language, including spelling, punctuation, and grammar.
* Speaking and listening skills: Knowledge of how to communicate effectively in oral language, including pronunciation, intonation, and turn-taking.
* Specialized language use: Knowledge of specific vocabulary and grammar related to particular fields of study or occupations.
The type and extent of knowledge involved in language use vary depending on the specific situation and the individual's language abilities. However, all language use requires a complex interaction of these different types of knowledge.