* Hindi: The most spoken language in India, Hindi shares a significant number of roots and grammatical structures with Sanskrit.
* Urdu: Another major language in South Asia, Urdu also shares a large number of roots with Sanskrit, although its vocabulary has also been influenced by Persian and Arabic.
* Punjabi: Spoken in India and Pakistan, Punjabi has a significant number of Sanskrit loanwords and shares grammatical similarities.
* Bengali: The second most spoken language in India, Bengali also has a number of Sanskrit loanwords and shares a similar grammar.
* Marathi: Spoken primarily in Maharashtra, India, Marathi shares a considerable number of roots and grammatical similarities with Sanskrit.
While these languages are all related to Sanskrit, it's important to note that they have evolved significantly over time and have been influenced by other languages. Sanskrit itself is an ancient language, and while it's no longer spoken as a daily language, it continues to be used in religious and ceremonial contexts in many parts of South Asia.
Therefore, while there's no modern language that's identical to Sanskrit, these Indo-Aryan languages are the closest in terms of their shared linguistic ancestry.