* Sicilian: A Romance language spoken in Sicily, which is distinct from standard Italian and has its own unique vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. It is considered a dialect of Italian by many, but it has its own strong identity and is often spoken by locals.
* Arabic: Arabic has left a significant imprint on Sicilian vocabulary and grammar, due to the Arab rule of Sicily from the 9th to the 11th century.
* Spanish: The Spanish rule of Sicily in the 16th century also left its mark on the local language and culture.
* Greek: Ancient Greek was spoken in Sicily before the Roman conquest, and some Greek words and phrases have survived in Sicilian and Italian.
While Italian is the official language and is widely understood in Palermo, you may encounter people using Sicilian in everyday conversations, especially in informal settings.