Tikanga for Matariki: A Summary
Tikanga refers to the customs, protocols, and practices of Māori culture. For Matariki, there are many aspects of tikanga that are observed. Here are some key elements:
1. Observance and Recognition:
* Whanaungatanga (relationships): Matariki is a time to reconnect with whānau (family) and strengthen relationships. This includes remembering those who have passed away.
* Honouring the gods: Matariki is associated with the atua (gods) of the stars and the harvest. Offerings and prayers are made to them.
* Celebrating the new year: Matariki marks the beginning of the Māori new year. This is a time for reflection, setting goals, and planning for the future.
2. Specific Practices:
* Observing the stars: The rising of Matariki (the star cluster) signals the beginning of the new year. People would traditionally observe the stars and their positions to predict the coming year's harvest.
* Food preparation: Traditionally, there was a time of preparing kai (food) in anticipation of the harvest. This often involved gathering and preserving foods like kūmara (sweet potato) and seafood.
* Ceremonies: Specific ceremonies and rituals were held to mark the occasion, including the lighting of fires and the sharing of food.
* Giving thanks: People would give thanks for the bounty of the previous year and for the promise of the new harvest.
3. Contemporary Significance:
* Cultural revival: Matariki is increasingly being celebrated as a time to celebrate Māori culture and identity.
* Family and community: It is a time to gather together with whānau and friends.
* Reflection and planning: It is a time to look back on the past year and set goals for the future.
It's important to remember that tikanga can vary depending on the specific iwi (tribe) and hapū (sub-tribe). There is no single "right" way to observe Matariki, but understanding the underlying principles and practices is crucial.
For more information on specific tikanga for Matariki, it's best to consult with local Māori communities and elders.