1. Evolution within Sign Languages:
* New Signs: Just like spoken languages acquire new words, sign languages create new signs to reflect evolving technology, concepts, and cultural changes. Think of signs for "computer," "internet," "selfie," or "hashtag" - these didn't exist decades ago.
* Sign Modification: Signs can change in form, handshape, or movement over time. This can be due to natural variation between signers, regional differences, or simply to make signs more efficient or visually appealing.
* Borrowing and Influence: Sign languages can borrow signs from other sign languages, or even adapt signs from spoken languages, depending on the communities involved.
2. Influence of Deaf Communities and Education:
* Formalization: As Deaf communities have grown and organized, many sign languages have become more formalized. This involves standardizing signs, developing dictionaries and grammars, and establishing organizations to promote and preserve the language.
* Education: The development of schools and education systems for Deaf children has played a significant role in shaping sign languages. Sign language pedagogy influences the way signs are taught and learned, potentially affecting their form and usage.
3. Technological Impact:
* Visual Media: The rise of television, video recording, and online platforms has exposed Deaf communities to sign languages from different regions and cultures. This can lead to increased awareness of sign language variations and cross-cultural influences.
* Social Media: Social media platforms have created new opportunities for Deaf people to connect and share their experiences, potentially influencing sign language use and spreading new signs or variations.
4. Historical and Cultural Context:
* Geographical Isolation: Sign languages that developed in geographically isolated communities often exhibit distinct features due to minimal contact with other sign languages.
* Political and Social Changes: Changes in laws, policies, and societal attitudes towards Deaf people can impact sign language use and development. For example, the movement towards Deaf empowerment and the increasing acceptance of sign language as a valid and valuable form of communication have contributed to its growth and evolution.
In conclusion, sign language is a dynamic and evolving system of communication that reflects the experiences, needs, and creative expression of Deaf communities worldwide. The changes in sign language are driven by a complex interplay of cultural, social, technological, and educational factors.