Romance Languages:
* Spanish: Both Spanish and Portuguese are Iberian Romance languages with a high degree of mutual intelligibility. They share a similar grammar and vocabulary, with many cognates (words with shared roots).
* Italian: Italian is also an Iberian Romance language, closer to Spanish than Portuguese, but still with a significant amount of shared vocabulary and grammatical structures.
* Catalan: Similar to Spanish and Portuguese, Catalan is also a Romance language spoken in northeastern Spain and Andorra. It shares cognates with both Portuguese and French, though it's considered closer to Spanish.
* Romanian: Romanian is a Romance language spoken in Romania and Moldova. While it's part of the Eastern Romance branch, it shares some vocabulary and grammatical features with Portuguese and French.
Other Languages:
* Galician: This language, spoken in Galicia (northwestern Spain), is considered a sister language to Portuguese, with a very high degree of mutual intelligibility.
* Occitan: This language, spoken in parts of southern France, shares a significant amount of vocabulary and grammatical structures with French. It also shares some commonalities with Portuguese, particularly in its pronunciation.
* English: Though English is Germanic in origin, it has borrowed many words from French and Latin, meaning there are some overlaps in vocabulary and grammar with Portuguese and French.
Note: The degree of similarity between languages depends on the specific features being compared. While all the listed languages have some similarities with Portuguese and French, some are closer than others.
It's important to remember that language is a complex and dynamic system, and the similarities between languages can be influenced by various factors including historical interactions, geographical proximity, and cultural exchange.