1. Structure and Grammar:
* Syntax: Both have rules governing word order, sentence structure, and how phrases are combined.
* Morphology: Both use morphemes, the smallest units of meaning, to build words and express grammatical concepts. In sign language, morphemes can be incorporated into signs through movements, handshapes, or facial expressions.
* Phonology: Sign language has its own system of "phonemes" called parameters, which include handshape, location, movement, and facial expressions. These parameters work together to differentiate signs.
* Semantics: Both have systems of meaning for words and phrases.
* Pragmatics: Both use context and social cues to interpret meaning and engage in conversation.
2. Communication Functions:
* Expressing thoughts and ideas: Both are used to convey information, opinions, and emotions.
* Social interaction: Both facilitate social connections, build relationships, and participate in society.
* Storytelling and literature: Both have their own forms of narratives, poetry, and literature.
3. Learning and Development:
* Acquisition: Both languages are acquired through exposure, practice, and interaction.
* Cognitive Development: Both contribute to cognitive development, including memory, reasoning, and problem-solving.
4. Diversity:
* Regional Variations: Both languages have regional dialects and variations in pronunciation or signing.
* Multilingualism: Just like with spoken languages, people can be bilingual or even multilingual in sign language.
5. Cultural Significance:
* Identity: Both languages play a role in cultural identity and heritage.
* Community: Both serve as a primary means of communication and connection within communities.
However, it's important to remember that sign languages are distinct languages with their own unique rules and structures. They are not simply visual interpretations of spoken languages.