* Speech sounds: How sounds are produced, how they differ from each other, and how they are organized into systems.
* Phonetic transcription: Using symbols to represent speech sounds.
* Phonological rules: The patterns and regularities in how sounds are used in a language.
Examples of what phonology studies:
* The difference between the sounds /p/ and /b/ in English.
* How vowels are pronounced differently in different dialects of a language.
* The rules that govern how sounds are combined in words.
In summary, ponolohiya is the study of how sounds are organized and used in a language.