Culture:
* Religion: Aztecs were polytheistic, worshipping numerous gods and goddesses. The Spanish were predominantly Catholic, believing in one God.
* Social Structure: Aztec society was highly stratified with a complex hierarchy of nobles, commoners, and slaves. Spanish society was also hierarchical, but with a strong emphasis on nobility and the Church.
* Art and Architecture: Aztecs created intricate sculptures, murals, and elaborate temples. Spanish art and architecture were influenced by the Renaissance and Baroque periods, with a focus on grandeur and religious imagery.
* Literature: Aztec literature was primarily oral, with poems, songs, and historical accounts. Spanish literature was written, with a rich tradition of poetry, drama, and prose.
Society:
* Political System: Aztecs were ruled by an emperor, supported by a council of nobles. Spanish society was governed by a monarchy, with a strong centralized government.
* Economy: Aztecs had a complex agricultural system, with extensive trade networks. Spanish economy was based on trade, mining, and agriculture, with a focus on gold and silver.
* Technology: Aztecs developed advanced agricultural techniques, sophisticated calendar systems, and a unique writing system. Spanish technology was more advanced in terms of weaponry, navigation, and printing.
Beliefs and Values:
* Warfare: Aztecs believed in human sacrifice and conducted ritual warfare to appease their gods. Spanish warfare was typically motivated by conquest and expansion.
* Human Rights: Aztecs believed in social hierarchy and subjugation of conquered peoples. Spanish, while initially promoting Christianity, often exploited and oppressed indigenous populations.
* Treatment of Women: Aztecs had a more egalitarian view of women, who participated in economic and social life. Spanish society was largely patriarchal, with women confined to domestic roles.
Interactions:
* Conquest: The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs in the 16th century marked a significant turning point in history. The Spanish used superior weaponry and tactics to overthrow the Aztec Empire.
* Cultural Exchange: Despite the conflict, there was also a significant exchange of ideas and practices between the two civilizations. The Spanish introduced Christianity and European customs, while the Aztecs influenced Spanish language, food, and architecture.
* Legacy: The legacy of the Aztec-Spanish encounter is complex and enduring. The conquest resulted in the destruction of Aztec civilization, but also led to the emergence of a new, mestizo culture in Mexico.
It's important to note that these are just some of the key differences between the Aztecs and the Spanish. Each civilization had its own unique features and complexities, and their interactions had a profound impact on the course of history.