For Colony:
* Settlement: This emphasizes the act of establishing a new place to live.
* Outpost: This suggests a small, remote settlement often established for strategic or economic purposes.
* Plantation: This refers specifically to a large agricultural estate, often with a focus on a single crop.
* Dominion: This implies a larger territory under the control of a ruling power.
* Province: This is a formal term for a region of a country, often with its own government.
* Enclave: This refers to a small, distinct area within a larger territory.
* Territory: This is a general term for any area under the control of a government or group.
* Possession: This implies a territory held by force or through conquest.
* Dependence: This suggests a colony's reliance on a mother country for support.
For Colonist:
* Settler: This is a more neutral term than colonist and emphasizes the act of establishing a new home.
* Pioneer: This refers to someone who ventures into new or unexplored territory.
* Immigrant: This is a broader term for someone who moves to a new country to live permanently.
* Expatriate: This refers to someone who lives outside their native country, often for work or personal reasons.
* Subject: This implies the colonists are under the rule of another power.
* Exile: This refers to someone forced to leave their home country, often for political reasons.
* Migrant: This is a general term for someone who moves from one place to another.
The best word choice will depend on the specific context and the historical or political implications you want to convey.