* Historically: "Turkistan" referred to a vast region in Central Asia inhabited by Turkic peoples. This region included parts of what are now Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Xinjiang (China), and parts of Afghanistan and Iran. In this context, it's hard to give a definitive answer about languages because of the region's vastness. Many Turkic languages were spoken, including:
* Uzbek
* Kazakh
* Turkmen
* Kyrgyz
* Uyghur
* Tajik (Indo-Iranian language, but has been heavily influenced by Turkic languages)
* Karakalpak
* Tatar
* Bashkir
* Nogai
* Other minor Turkic languages
* Modern day:
* Turkmenistan: The official language is Turkmen, with Russian also widely spoken.
* East Turkistan/Xinjiang (China): The official language is Chinese, but Uyghur, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and other Turkic languages are also spoken.
* Southern Kazakhstan: This region is sometimes called "Turkistan" (though not officially) and is predominantly Kazakh-speaking.
So, the languages spoken in "Turkistan" depend heavily on the context and specific location you're referring to. If you're referring to a specific region, you can provide more information and I can give you a more precise answer.