Spain:
* Catalonia: This is the largest region where Catalan is spoken, with approximately 7.5 million speakers. It includes the cities of Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona.
* Valencia: Also known as the Valencian Community, this region has approximately 2 million speakers of Valencian, a dialect of Catalan.
* Balearic Islands: This archipelago, located in the Mediterranean Sea, has about 400,000 speakers of Catalan, known as "Mallorquín".
* Aragon: The region of Aragon has a small number of Catalan speakers in the areas of La Franja and the Ribagorça.
France:
* Northern Catalonia (French Catalonia): Located in the Roussillon area of the Pyrénées-Orientales department, this region has approximately 100,000 speakers of Catalan.
Italy:
* Alghero (Sardinia): This city in the northwest of Sardinia has a small community of Catalan speakers, known as "Alguerès".
Andorra:
* Andorra: Catalan is the official language of Andorra, spoken by the majority of the population.
Other:
* Small communities of Catalan speakers exist in Cuba, Mexico, and Venezuela, primarily due to emigration from Catalonia.
It's worth noting that Catalan is sometimes considered a dialect of Occitan, a language spoken in parts of southern France. However, it's generally recognized as a distinct language due to its unique characteristics and history.