* No clear definition of "dialect": There's no universally agreed-upon definition of what constitutes a distinct dialect versus a separate language.
* Continuum of variation: Languages and dialects in the Philippines are often on a continuum, with gradual variations in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar. This makes it hard to draw clear lines.
* Ongoing research: Linguists continue to study and classify Philippine languages, so the number is constantly evolving.
However, we can say that there are hundreds of distinct languages and dialects spoken in the Philippines. Some sources estimate the number to be over 170.
The most widely spoken languages are:
* Filipino (Tagalog): The national language, spoken by a majority of the population.
* Cebuano: Spoken in the Visayas region.
* Ilocano: Spoken in northern Luzon.
* Bikol: Spoken in the Bicol region.
* Waray: Spoken in the Eastern Visayas.
Many other languages and dialects exist, each with its own unique features and history.