Formal:
* خانم (khānum): This is the most common and respectful way to address a woman, similar to "Madam" or "Ms." in English.
* سرکار خانم (sarkār khānum): This is even more formal and polite, used for addressing a woman in a very official setting.
* جناب خانم (jenāb khānum): This is the most formal and respectful way to address a woman, used in extremely formal settings like addressing a high-ranking official.
Informal:
* خانم (khānum): This is also used informally but still carries a sense of respect.
* عزیزم (azizam): This means "dear" and is a common way to address a close friend or family member.
* خواهرم (khāharam): This means "sister" and is used to address a close female friend.
* مادرم (mādaram): This means "mother" and is used to address an older woman in a respectful way, similar to "ma'am" in English.
Using the woman's name:
* You can use the woman's name directly, but you should add "خانم" (khānum) before it, even in informal settings. For example, "خانم زهرا" (khānum Zahra) means "Ms. Zahra."
Important Considerations:
* Age and social status: You should use more formal language when addressing older or higher-ranking women.
* Familiarity: The level of formality should reflect your relationship with the woman.
* Context: The situation dictates how you should address a woman. In professional settings, formal language is expected. In social settings, you can be more informal.
It's always best to err on the side of formality, especially if you're unsure.