1. As a Noun:
* Not capitalized: When used as a common noun referring to a person from the northern part of a country or region, it is not capitalized.
* Example: "The northerner was surprised by the warm southern climate."
2. As a Proper Noun:
* Capitalized: When referring to a specific, named group of people from a particular region, it is capitalized.
* Example: "The Northerners fought against the Southerners in the American Civil War."
* Capitalized: When used as part of a formal name or title, such as a political party or organization, it is capitalized.
* Example: "The Northern Democrats held a convention."
In summary:
* "Northerner" is not capitalized when used as a general term for a person from the north.
* "Northerner" is capitalized when referring to a specific group of people from a particular region or when it is part of a formal name.
It's always best to check the specific context to determine whether or not to capitalize "Northerner."