It: This is the most common pronoun used for countries when referring to them in a general sense, especially when the country is considered a singular entity.
* Example: It has a rich history. (Referring to a specific country)
She/Her: This is used for countries that are traditionally personified as female, often in poetic or metaphorical contexts.
* Example: She is a land of opportunity. (Referring to a specific country)
They/Them: This is used for countries that are considered plural or collective, such as those with multiple states or regions. It's also used when referring to countries that have been historically gendered as neutral.
* Example: They are making progress on climate change. (Referring to a group of countries)
The country/nation/state: These are noun phrases that can be used instead of a pronoun.
* Example: The country is known for its beautiful beaches.
Its/Their: These are possessive pronouns used to refer to a country's belongings or characteristics.
* Example: Its flag is red, white, and blue. (Referring to a specific country)
* Example: Their economy is growing. (Referring to a group of countries)
Important Note: The best pronoun to use depends on the context and the specific country you are referring to. It is also important to be mindful of the gendered connotations associated with using "she" or "her" for a country.