What is the Definition of stacks in geography?

The term "stacks" in geography is typically used to describe isolated rock formations that rise vertically from the sea. They are formed by erosion, primarily wave action, and are a common feature of coastal landscapes, particularly in areas with dramatic cliffs and headlands.

Here's a breakdown of the process:

1. Wave erosion: Waves constantly crashing against cliffs and headlands create weaknesses and fractures in the rock.

2. Hydraulic action: The force of water pushing into these cracks creates pressure, gradually widening them.

3. Abrasion: The waves carry sand and pebbles, which act like sandpaper, grinding away at the rock face.

4. Formation of arches: As erosion continues, the weaknesses in the rock can form arches, with openings through the cliff face.

5. Stack formation: Eventually, the roof of the arch collapses, leaving behind an isolated pillar of rock, known as a stack.

Examples of stacks:

* Old Man of Hoy, Scotland

* The Needles, Isle of Wight, England

* Stacks of Duncansby, Scotland

Significance of stacks:

* Geomorphological features: Stacks are fascinating examples of coastal erosion processes and landforms.

* Tourist attractions: Their dramatic appearance and unique shape make them popular tourist destinations.

* Biodiversity: They provide habitat for a variety of seabirds and marine life.

It's important to note: The term "stack" is sometimes used to refer to other geological formations, like volcanic cones. However, in the context of geography, it primarily refers to the isolated rock formations described above.