Here's a breakdown of the major branches:
1. Indo-Iranian:
* Indo-Aryan: Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Marathi, Punjabi, Gujarati, Sinhala, etc.
* Iranian: Persian, Kurdish, Pashto, Ossetian, etc.
2. Balto-Slavic:
* Baltic: Lithuanian, Latvian
* Slavic: Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Serbian, Bulgarian, etc.
3. Germanic:
* North Germanic: Icelandic, Faroese, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish
* West Germanic: English, German, Dutch, Afrikaans, Yiddish
* East Germanic: (extinct) Gothic
4. Italic:
* Romance: Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Romanian, Catalan, etc.
* Extinct: Latin
5. Hellenic:
* Greek: Modern Greek, Ancient Greek
6. Celtic:
* Insular Celtic: Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh, Manx, Cornish
* Continental Celtic: (extinct) Gaulish, Celtiberian
7. Anatolian:
* Extinct: Hittite, Luwian, Lycian, etc.
8. Tocharian:
* Extinct: Tocharian A, Tocharian B
9. Armenian:
* Armenian: Modern Armenian, Ancient Armenian
10. Albanian:
* Albanian: Albanian
Note:
* The Centum-Satem isogloss divides the family into two groups based on how they pronounce the sounds *k*, *g*, and *gh*. Centum languages generally keep the *k* sound, while Satem languages shift it to *s*. This division roughly corresponds to the geographical distribution of the branches.
* Extinct languages are those that are no longer spoken.
* Some scholars argue that the Anatolian branch is the most ancient branch of Indo-European, while others place it within the broader Indo-European family, but not directly related to any other known branch.
It's crucial to remember that this is a simplified representation, and there is ongoing linguistic research and debate about the exact relationships and classifications within the Indo-European language family.