1. Indo-European Languages: This is the largest group, encompassing most of the languages spoken in Europe. It's further subdivided into many branches, including:
* Romance languages: Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Romanian, etc.
* Germanic languages: English, German, Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian, etc.
* Slavic languages: Russian, Polish, Czech, Ukrainian, Bulgarian, etc.
* Celtic languages: Irish, Welsh, Gaelic, etc.
* Balto-Slavic languages: Lithuanian, Latvian, etc.
* Indo-Iranian languages: Kurdish, Romani (a language spoken by the Roma people), etc.
2. Uralic Languages: This group includes languages like Finnish, Hungarian, Estonian, and others. They are not related to Indo-European languages.
3. Turkic Languages: These languages, such as Turkish, Azerbaijani, and Crimean Tatar, are spoken by groups who migrated to Europe from Central Asia.
So, what language isn't part of these "main groups?"
* Basque: This language, spoken in the Basque Country in Spain and France, is considered a language isolate, meaning it's not related to any other known language family. It's a unique and ancient language with its own roots.
* Maltese: This language, spoken in Malta, is a Semitic language, related to Arabic and Hebrew. While it's spoken in Europe, it's not considered part of the main language groups you listed.
There are other languages spoken in Europe that might also be considered outliers depending on your specific definition of "main groups." For example, languages like Sami (spoken by indigenous peoples in northern Europe), Romani, and others could be included.
It's important to remember that language families are complex, and there's always debate about which languages belong to which group.