Major Branches:
* Indo-Iranian:
* Indo-Aryan: Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Marathi, Punjabi, Gujarati, Nepali, Sinhala, Romani
* Iranian: Persian, Pashto, Kurdish, Tajik, Ossetian
* Italic:
* Romance: Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian, Romanian, Catalan, Occitan
* Latin: (Extinct)
* Germanic:
* West Germanic: English, German, Dutch, Afrikaans, Yiddish
* North Germanic: Swedish, Norwegian, Danish, Icelandic, Faroese
* East Germanic: (Extinct) Gothic
* Balto-Slavic:
* Baltic: Latvian, Lithuanian
* Slavic: Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian, Serbian, Croatian, Slovene
* Greek:
* Ancient Greek: (Extinct)
* Modern Greek:
* Armenian:
* Tocharian: (Extinct)
* Anatolian: (Extinct)
Other Languages:
* Hittite (Extinct)
* Luwian (Extinct)
* Palaic (Extinct)
Important Notes:
* Extinct Languages: Some branches have extinct languages, like Tocharian and Anatolian.
* Dialects and Varieties: Within each branch, there are many dialects and varieties, often with significant differences in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar.
* Regional Variation: The distribution of Indo-European languages varies greatly across the globe. Some regions have a high concentration of Indo-European speakers (e.g., Europe, North America), while others have fewer speakers (e.g., South America, Asia).
* Language Contact: Over centuries, Indo-European languages have influenced and been influenced by languages from other families, resulting in complex language histories and hybrid features.
This is just a general overview. The Indo-European language family is an area of ongoing research and discovery, with many complexities and nuances.