1. Mukti (मुक्ति): This is the most common and profound term associated with freedom in Hinduism. It signifies liberation from the cycle of birth and death (samsara) and the attainment of ultimate reality (Brahman). Mukti involves transcending suffering, ignorance, and attachment to material desires.
2. Swarajya (स्वराज्य): This term literally means "self-rule" and signifies political and spiritual independence. It emphasizes autonomy and control over one's life and actions. Gandhi's movement for Indian independence was based on the concept of Swarajya.
3. Moksha (मोक्ष): Similar to Mukti, Moksha refers to liberation from the cycle of birth and death. It represents the highest state of spiritual attainment and merging with the divine.
4. Dharma (धर्म): While often translated as "duty" or "righteousness," Dharma also signifies a path towards liberation. Adhering to Dharma is seen as crucial for achieving inner freedom and fulfilling one's potential.
5. Kaivalya (कैवल्य): This word denotes a state of complete isolation and freedom from all worldly attachments. It signifies a solitary existence with the realization of the Self (Atman).
6. Nirvana (निर्वाण): Though originating from Buddhism, Nirvana is a concept adopted by some Hindu traditions. It denotes the cessation of suffering and the attainment of enlightenment.
The specific meaning of "freedom" in Hinduism is dependent on the individual's philosophical perspective and the context. However, the overarching theme is liberation from suffering, ignorance, and attachment, leading to a state of enlightenment and union with the divine.