Non-Standard vs. Standard Variety: A Tale of Two Languages
The terms "non-standard variety" and "standard variety" are used to describe different forms of a language, but they don't necessarily imply a judgment of quality or correctness. Here's a breakdown of the differences:
Standard Variety:
* Defined by official bodies: Often established by governments, academies, or other institutions.
* Codified and written: Possesses established rules of grammar, spelling, and pronunciation.
* Used in formal contexts: Found in education, law, government, media, and literature.
* Prestige and power: Often associated with higher socioeconomic status and power.
* Not inherently superior: Simply a dominant, established form.
Non-Standard Variety:
* Not formally codified: Has no official rules or regulations.
* Varying usage and pronunciation: Often influenced by local dialects, social groups, or regional accents.
* Used in informal contexts: Common in daily conversation, personal communication, and local communities.
* Not lacking in complexity: Possesses its own grammar, vocabulary, and rules of use.
* Not inherently inferior: Equally valid and functional, often expressing cultural identity and regional uniqueness.
Key Differences:
* Codification: Standard varieties are codified, while non-standard varieties are not.
* Prestige: Standard varieties are typically associated with prestige and power, while non-standard varieties are often viewed as less formal.
* Usage: Standard varieties are used in formal settings, while non-standard varieties are used in informal settings.
Important Note:
It's crucial to recognize that labeling a variety as "non-standard" doesn't mean it's incorrect or inferior. It simply indicates that it doesn't conform to the established, codified standard. All varieties of a language are equally valid and serve important functions in communication and cultural expression.
Examples:
* Standard English: Used in formal contexts like government, education, and media.
* Southern American English: A non-standard variety with distinct pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammatical features.
* African American Vernacular English (AAVE): A non-standard variety with its own unique grammar and pronunciation rules, often associated with African American communities.
Conclusion:
Standard and non-standard varieties of a language coexist and serve different purposes. Understanding the distinctions between them helps us appreciate the richness and diversity of language and its role in shaping our identities and cultures.