1. Bloom's Taxonomy (Cognitive Domain): This is a widely used framework for categorizing cognitive skills. It's often applied to comprehension, though it focuses on a broader range of learning objectives. Here's a breakdown:
* Knowledge: Recall or recognition of facts, terms, definitions, and basic concepts.
* Comprehension: Understanding the meaning of material. This includes interpreting, translating, and explaining.
* Application: Using knowledge in new situations. This involves solving problems, applying concepts, and using information to answer questions.
* Analysis: Breaking down information into its component parts and understanding their relationships.
* Synthesis: Combining elements to form a new whole. This involves creating, designing, and developing new ideas.
* Evaluation: Making judgments about the value of information or ideas.
2. Literal, Inferential, and Critical Comprehension:
* Literal Comprehension: Understanding the explicit meaning of the text. This involves identifying key facts, recalling details, and understanding the surface level of the information.
* Inferential Comprehension: Drawing conclusions, making predictions, and understanding the implied meaning of the text. This involves going beyond the literal meaning and using clues from the text to make inferences.
* Critical Comprehension: Analyzing and evaluating the text. This involves identifying the author's purpose, bias, and assumptions. It also includes questioning the validity of the information and forming an opinion about the text.
3. Reading Levels:
* Pre-reading: This stage involves building foundational skills like phonemic awareness, phonics, and print awareness.
* Early Reading: This stage focuses on decoding skills and fluency.
* Transitional Reading: This stage focuses on developing comprehension skills and expanding vocabulary.
* Fluent Reading: This stage involves reading at a faster pace with good comprehension and fluency.
4. Other Categories:
* Textual Comprehension: Understanding the literal meaning of the text, including the structure, organization, and vocabulary.
* Conceptual Comprehension: Understanding the underlying concepts and ideas presented in the text. This involves making connections between different parts of the text and drawing inferences.
* Strategic Comprehension: Actively engaging with the text and using strategies to improve comprehension. This includes identifying the author's purpose, making predictions, and monitoring understanding.
Important Note: These categories are not mutually exclusive. They can overlap and contribute to a comprehensive understanding of how we process information.
The specific level of comprehension required depends on the context, the text, and the learning objectives. It's important to choose appropriate assessment methods that match the desired level of comprehension.