1. Listening: This refers to the ability to understand spoken language. It involves recognizing sounds, understanding intonation and stress, and interpreting meaning from spoken words.
2. Speaking: This refers to the ability to communicate orally. It involves producing sounds correctly, using appropriate grammar and vocabulary, and expressing oneself clearly and effectively.
3. Reading: This refers to the ability to understand written language. It involves recognizing letters and words, decoding text, and extracting meaning from written materials.
4. Writing: This refers to the ability to communicate in written form. It involves using correct grammar and spelling, organizing ideas logically, and expressing oneself clearly and effectively.
5. Interaction: This is often considered the fifth macro skill, as it encompasses all the other four. It refers to the ability to use language to communicate effectively in real-life situations. This involves understanding context, responding appropriately, and adapting language use to different situations and audiences.
It's important to note that these skills are interconnected and often developed simultaneously. For example, listening skills are essential for learning to speak a language, and reading skills can be used to improve writing skills.