Grammar & Syntax:
* Arabic: Complex grammar with verb conjugations, dual number, and a right-to-left writing system.
* Finnish: Extensive use of noun cases and verb conjugations with 15 noun cases and over 100 verb forms.
* Hungarian: Agglutinative language with complex grammar and intricate verb conjugations.
* Mandarin Chinese: Tonal language with a distinct writing system and a complex system of grammatical particles.
* Japanese: Different writing systems (hiragana, katakana, kanji), complex verb conjugations, and a high context language.
Pronunciation:
* Mandarin Chinese: Tonal language with four main tones and numerous other variations.
* Vietnamese: Tonal language with six main tones and complex vowel sounds.
* Xhosa: Click consonants and a different vowel system.
Vocabulary:
* Korean: Vast vocabulary and numerous homophones.
* Russian: Large vocabulary with many noun declensions and verb conjugations.
Culture & Context:
* Japanese: High context language with emphasis on nonverbal communication and cultural nuances.
* Korean: Emphasis on politeness levels and formality in language use.
Other factors:
* Availability of resources: Some languages have limited learning materials or teachers available.
* Exposure to the language: Learning a language spoken by a large community can be easier due to increased exposure.
Ultimately, the best way to determine a language's difficulty for you is to consider your own strengths and weaknesses, your motivation, and the resources available to you.