General:
* Morphology: This is the study of word formation, including prefixes, suffixes, and other word parts.
* Inflection: This specifically refers to changes in a word's form to indicate grammatical function, such as tense, number, or case.
* Word building: This is a broader term for learning how words are constructed and modified.
More specific:
* Conjugation: This refers to learning the different forms of verbs.
* Declension: This refers to learning the different forms of nouns and adjectives.
* Paradigm: This refers to a set of all the forms of a word, often presented in a chart.
Informal:
* Learning the declensions/conjugations: This is a simple and direct way to refer to the process.
* Mastering the different forms: This emphasizes achieving a high level of proficiency.
The best word will depend on the specific context and what you want to emphasize.