Consonants:
* Arabic Name | Transliteration | Sound
--- | --- | ---
ألف | a | /ʔ/ (glottal stop)
باء | b | /b/
تاء | t | /t/
ثاء | th | /θ/ (voiceless dental fricative)
جيم | j | /d͡ʒ/ (voiced postalveolar affricate)
حاء | ḥ | /ħ/ (voiceless pharyngeal fricative)
خاء | kh | /x/ (voiceless velar fricative)
دال | d | /d/
ذال | dh | /ð/ (voiced dental fricative)
راء | r | /r/
زاي | z | /z/
سين | s | /s/
شين | sh | /ʃ/ (voiceless postalveolar fricative)
صاد | ṣ | /sˤ/ (voiceless emphatic postalveolar fricative)
ضاد | ḍ | /dˤ/ (voiced emphatic postalveolar fricative)
طاء | ṭ | /tˤ/ (voiceless emphatic alveolar stop)
ظاء | ẓ | /ðˤ/ (voiced emphatic dental fricative)
عين | ʿ | /ʕ/ (voiced pharyngeal fricative)
غين | gh | /ɣ/ (voiced velar fricative)
فاء | f | /f/
قاف | q | /q/ (voiceless uvular stop)
كاف | k | /k/
لام | l | /l/
ميم | m | /m/
نون | n | /n/
هاء | h | /h/
واو | w | /w/
ياء | y | /j/
Diacritics:
* Short Vowels:
* َ (fatḥah): /a/
* ِ (kasrah): /i/
* ُ (ḍammah): /u/
* Long Vowels:
* آ (ā): /aː/
* ى (ī): /iː/
* و (ū): /uː/
* Other Diacritics:
* ّ (shaddah): Doubles the preceding consonant
* ْ (sukūn): Indicates a silent consonant
* َ (tanwīn): Indicates a nasalization of the vowel
* ـ (hamzah): Indicates a glottal stop
Important notes:
* The Arabic alphabet is written from right to left.
* The sounds represented by the letters can vary slightly depending on the dialect.
* Some letters have different forms depending on their position in a word.
This is a simplified explanation, and the Arabic alphabet is complex and has various nuances. For deeper understanding, it's recommended to consult resources dedicated to Arabic language learning.