Tatpurush Samas (Tत्पुरुष समास): A Deep Dive
Tatpurush Samas, literally meaning "the man's compound," is one of the six types of Samasas (compound words) in Sanskrit grammar. It's characterized by the suppression of the first member of the compound, while the second member takes on the governing role, and the relationship between the two members is clearly indicated.
Key Features:
* First member is suppressed: Unlike other Samasas, the first member of the compound is not explicitly mentioned, but its presence is implied.
* Second member governs: The second member of the compound dictates the relationship between the two, indicating the action, quality, or relation.
* Clear relationship: The relationship between the members is easily understood from the second member's governing role.
Example:
* "Dhanik purush" (धनीक पुरुष) - A rich man (literally "man of wealth")
* First member: Dhanik (धनीक) - wealth
* Second member: Purush (पुरुष) - man
* Relationship: Possessor (dhanik) of the quality (wealth)
Types of Tatpurush Samas:
Based on the relationship between the members, Tatpurush Samas is further categorized into several types:
* Karma Tatpurush: Indicates the object of the action.
* Example: "Hastakritam" (हस्तकृतम्) - Made by hand (literally "hand-made")
* Karan Tatpurush: Indicates the instrument of the action.
* Example: "Churikahata" (छुरीकहतः) - Killed by a knife (literally "knife-killed")
* Sampradana Tatpurush: Indicates the indirect object of the action.
* Example: "Devadattaya" (देवदत्ताय) - For Devadatta (literally "to Devadatta")
* Apadana Tatpurush: Indicates separation or removal.
* Example: "Gṛhāt" (गृहात्) - From the house (literally "house-from")
* Adhikaran Tatpurush: Indicates the location or place.
* Example: "Vanamāśrame" (वनमाश्रमे) - In the forest hermitage (literally "forest-hermitage")
* Sambandh Tatpurush: Indicates possession or relationship.
* Example: "Rāmasya" (रामस्य) - Of Rama (literally "Rama's")
* Samānādhikaran Tatpurush: Indicates similarity or equality.
* Example: "Suryasamam" (सूर्यसमम्) - Equal to the sun (literally "sun-equal")
Note:
Tatpurush Samas is a complex grammatical concept with subtle variations and nuances. Understanding the types and relationships within each type is crucial for accurate interpretation and translation.