Language and Paralanguage: Two Sides of Communication
Language is the system of communication using words and their combinations to express meaning. It's what we use to convey thoughts, ideas, and information. Here are some key features:
* Symbolic: Words represent objects, concepts, and actions.
* Structured: Language follows rules of grammar and syntax.
* Arbitrary: The relationship between words and their meaning is not inherent.
* Creative: We can generate new sentences and expressions.
Paralanguage, on the other hand, is the non-verbal aspect of communication that complements and modifies our spoken language. It includes:
* Vocal cues: Tone of voice, pitch, volume, speed, rhythm, pauses, and emphasis.
* Body language: Facial expressions, gestures, posture, eye contact, and proxemics (use of space).
* Non-vocal sounds: Laughter, sighs, cries, and other sounds.
Here's how they work together:
* Reinforcing: Paralanguage can strengthen or emphasize verbal messages. For example, a firm tone of voice can add emphasis to a statement.
* Contradicting: Paralanguage can sometimes contradict the verbal message. A sarcastic tone can negate the literal meaning of words.
* Adding meaning: Paralanguage can provide additional information not conveyed by words alone. Facial expressions can reveal emotions not expressed verbally.
In summary:
* Language: The words we use.
* Paralanguage: How we use our voice, body, and non-vocal sounds to communicate.
Together, language and paralanguage create a rich and complex tapestry of communication. Understanding both aspects allows us to interpret messages more effectively and convey our own thoughts and emotions more powerfully.