General:
* Implement
* Device
* Appliance
* Utensil
* Implement
* Gear
* Apparatus
* Gadget
Specific to certain fields:
* Music: Musical instrument
* Science: Scientific instrument
* Surgery: Surgical instrument
* Measurement: Measuring tool
* Art: Artistic tool
Informal:
* Thingamajig
* Whatchamacallit
* Doohickey
The best word to use will depend on the specific situation and what you are trying to convey.