1. Subject: The noun performing the action of the verb.
* The dog barked at the mailman.
2. Direct Object: The noun that receives the action of the verb.
* The mailman delivered the package.
3. Indirect Object: The noun that receives the direct object.
* He gave his friend a gift.
4. Object of a Preposition: The noun that follows a preposition.
* She sat on the chair.
5. Appositive: A noun that renames another noun.
* My friend, John, is coming over.
6. Predicate Nominative: A noun that follows a linking verb and renames the subject.
* My neighbor is a doctor.
7. Noun of Direct Address: A noun used to directly address someone.
* John, please pass the salt.
Remember, these are just the most common functions. Nouns can also have other roles in more complex sentence structures.