1. Formality:
* Written grammar is more formal and standardized, often following strict rules and conventions. This is because written language is generally meant for more deliberate and lasting communication, and is often subject to more rigorous editing.
* Spoken grammar is less formal and can be more fluid, allowing for contractions, slang, and informal language.
2. Structure:
* Written grammar relies heavily on punctuation and sentence structure to convey meaning. It uses complex sentence structures, formal vocabulary, and precise punctuation to ensure clarity.
* Spoken grammar relies more on intonation, pauses, and body language to convey meaning. It often uses simpler sentence structures, informal vocabulary, and less precise punctuation (or none at all).
3. Context:
* Written grammar is often used in formal contexts like academic papers, legal documents, and professional emails. It emphasizes clarity, accuracy, and precision.
* Spoken grammar is used in everyday conversations, informal settings, and casual interactions. It prioritizes speed and ease of communication, and is often influenced by the speaker's dialect and regional variations.
4. Use of contractions and slang:
* Written grammar generally avoids contractions and slang, unless in specific contexts (e.g., dialogue in fiction).
* Spoken grammar often uses contractions (e.g., "I'm," "don't") and slang, reflecting casual and informal communication.
5. Pronunciation:
* Written grammar focuses on spelling and word choice, not pronunciation.
* Spoken grammar heavily relies on pronunciation to convey meaning and nuance.
6. Editing:
* Written grammar is typically subject to careful editing, often by multiple people, to ensure clarity and correctness.
* Spoken grammar is rarely edited and often features spontaneous speech.
Here's a simple analogy: Imagine writing a formal letter vs. having a chat with a friend. The letter would require a formal tone, proper sentence structure, and no slang, while the chat would be more relaxed and casual.
It's important to note: While there are distinct differences, both written and spoken grammar are equally important for effective communication. Understanding both systems can help you communicate more clearly and effectively in different situations.