1. Formal vs. Informal:
* Formal Diction: Uses elevated, sophisticated language, often found in academic writing, speeches, and formal documents. It avoids slang, contractions, and colloquialisms.
* Informal Diction: Uses casual, everyday language, often found in conversations, personal letters, and blogs. It may include slang, contractions, and colloquialisms.
2. Abstract vs. Concrete:
* Abstract Diction: Refers to concepts, qualities, and ideas that are not tangible or specific.
* Concrete Diction: Refers to things that are tangible and specific, like physical objects, people, and actions.
3. Positive vs. Negative:
* Positive Diction: Uses words with favorable connotations, creating a positive emotional response.
* Negative Diction: Uses words with unfavorable connotations, creating a negative emotional response.
4. Denotative vs. Connotative:
* Denotative Diction: Refers to the literal, dictionary definition of a word.
* Connotative Diction: Refers to the implied or suggested meanings associated with a word, which can vary based on cultural context and personal experiences.
5. Slang vs. Colloquialism:
* Slang: Informal language used within a particular group or subculture.
* Colloquialism: Informal expressions used in casual conversation, often specific to a region or country.
Instead of focusing on just four types, it's more helpful to understand the spectrum of diction and how writers can choose words strategically to achieve their desired effects. Analyzing the specific choices a writer makes in their diction helps to understand the tone, mood, and overall impact of their work.