* Drop the -f and add -ves if the word ends in -f or -fe preceded by a consonant:
* leaf - leaves
* knife - knives
* wife - wives
* wolf - wolves
* shelf - shelves
* Add -s normally if the word ends in -f or -fe preceded by a vowel:
* roof - roofs
* chief - chiefs
* belief - beliefs
There are some exceptions to this rule, so it's helpful to familiarize yourself with them.
Here are some examples of words that drop the -f and add -ves:
* calf - calves
* half - halves
* life - lives
* loaf - loaves
* self - selves
* thief - thieves
* wharf - wharves
* scarf - scarves
* dwarf - dwarves
Note: Words like "hoof" and "roof" follow the general rule and simply add -s to form the plural.