1. As part of a list:
* Comma: Use a comma after "including" when it introduces a list of items.
* *Example:* "There were many fruits at the market, including apples, oranges, and bananas."
2. As part of a sentence:
* Colon: Use a colon after "including" when the phrase following it further explains or expands on the preceding clause.
* *Example:* "The museum has a vast collection of artifacts, including: ancient pottery, bronze sculptures, and medieval tapestries."
* Semicolon: Use a semicolon after "including" when the phrase following it is a closely related but independent clause.
* *Example:* "The chef prepared a delicious meal; including roasted chicken, mashed potatoes, and green beans."
* Period: Use a period after "including" if the phrase following it is a complete sentence.
* *Example:* "The team played well, including the new players. They all contributed to the victory."
It's important to remember:
* The punctuation following "including" should be determined by the structure and meaning of the entire sentence.
* Always strive for clarity and avoid ambiguity in your writing.