1. Literal Comprehension:
* Identifying Facts: Recognizing and recalling specific information directly stated in the text.
* Finding Main Ideas: Identifying the central topic or message of the text.
* Sequencing Events: Understanding the order in which events occurred.
* Recognizing Characters: Identifying the people or entities involved in the text.
* Locating Specific Details: Finding answers to questions that require retrieval of specific information.
2. Inferential Comprehension:
* Making Predictions: Using clues from the text to anticipate what might happen next.
* Drawing Conclusions: Reaching logical inferences based on the information presented.
* Interpreting Meaning: Understanding the implied meanings and deeper messages in the text.
* Making Inferences: Making assumptions or judgments based on evidence provided in the text.
* Recognizing Author's Purpose: Understanding why the author wrote the text.
3. Critical Comprehension:
* Analyzing Text: Breaking down the text into its component parts and examining the relationships between them.
* Evaluating Arguments: Assessing the validity and effectiveness of the author's arguments.
* Identifying Bias: Recognizing any perspectives or opinions that might influence the author's writing.
* Synthesizing Information: Combining information from different sources to create a new understanding.
* Forming Opinions: Developing personal judgments based on the information presented.
4. Strategic Comprehension:
* Monitoring Understanding: Being aware of when comprehension breaks down and knowing how to fix it.
* Asking Questions: Seeking clarification or further information when needed.
* Adjusting Reading Speed: Reading at an appropriate pace for the text and task.
* Using Context Clues: Utilizing surrounding words and sentences to understand the meaning of unfamiliar words.
* Previewing and Predicting: Actively engaging with the text before reading to prepare for comprehension.
5. Creative Comprehension:
* Visualizing: Creating mental images based on the text.
* Connecting to Prior Knowledge: Relating the text to personal experiences and knowledge.
* Making Personal Connections: Finding personal meaning and relevance in the text.
* Drawing Creative Representations: Expressing understanding through drawing, writing, or other artistic mediums.
* Thinking Outside the Box: Exploring alternative interpretations and possibilities beyond the literal meaning.
Important Notes:
* These categories are not mutually exclusive. Comprehension skills often overlap and work together.
* Different reading materials and tasks will require different comprehension skills.
* Comprehension is an active process that involves thinking, questioning, and interacting with the text.
By developing these skills, individuals can become more effective readers, learners, and thinkers.