Here's the breakdown:
* Independent Clause 1: Although the sandpaper was abrasive
* Independent Clause 2: it was necessary to smooth the rough edges of the wooden table
* Independent Clause 3: the craftsman carefully used it to achieve a flawless finish
* Subordinating conjunction: Although
This sentence has three independent clauses (each capable of standing alone as a sentence) connected by the conjunction "and," making it a compound sentence. The first clause is introduced by the subordinating conjunction "although," making the sentence complex as well.