1. Definition/Explanation: The word is directly explained in the sentence or nearby sentences.
* Example: "The ornithologist, or bird expert, was studying the migration patterns of geese."
2. Synonym/Restatement: Another word with a similar meaning is used near the unknown word.
* Example: "The arid, or dry, desert landscape was devoid of vegetation."
3. Antonym/Contrast: A word with the opposite meaning is used, helping you understand the unknown word.
* Example: "Instead of being gregarious, the shy child preferred to play alone."
4. Example: The meaning of the word is clarified through an example.
* Example: "The fauna, such as deer, rabbits, and squirrels, were abundant in the forest."
5. Inference: You must use logic and reasoning to deduce the meaning of the word from the surrounding text.
* Example: "He was a prodigy, winning the national chess tournament at the age of 10." (You can infer "prodigy" means someone with exceptional talent.)
6. Word Structure: The word's parts (prefixes, suffixes, roots) can give clues to its meaning.
* Example: "The unpredictable weather made it difficult to plan outdoor activities." (The prefix "un-" suggests the opposite of predictable.)
7. Tone/Mood: The overall tone and mood of the passage can give clues about the meaning of the word.
* Example: "The desolate landscape felt cold and empty." (The words "cold" and "empty" suggest a feeling of isolation.)
Remember: Not every sentence contains context clues, and sometimes multiple types of clues work together to help you understand the meaning of a word.