1. Definition: This model defines a term, concept, or idea. It explains what something is, its characteristics, and how it differs from other related things.
* Example: Defining "democracy" by explaining its principles, types, and historical development.
2. Classification: This model divides a topic into categories or groups based on shared characteristics. It helps organize information and make it easier to understand.
* Example: Classifying different types of government (democracy, monarchy, dictatorship) based on their power structures and decision-making processes.
3. Cause and Effect: This model explores the reasons why something happens and the consequences that result. It helps understand the relationship between events or phenomena.
* Example: Examining the causes of climate change (burning fossil fuels, deforestation) and its effects on the environment (rising sea levels, extreme weather).
4. Process Analysis: This model explains how something works or how to do something. It breaks down a process into steps and provides clear instructions.
* Example: Explaining the process of photosynthesis, from capturing sunlight to producing glucose.
5. Comparison and Contrast: This model examines the similarities and differences between two or more things. It helps readers understand the unique features and relative merits of each subject.
* Example: Comparing and contrasting the benefits and drawbacks of electric cars versus gasoline-powered cars.
6. Problem and Solution: This model identifies a problem and proposes solutions. It helps readers understand a challenge and explore potential answers.
* Example: Presenting the problem of global poverty and outlining possible solutions like microfinance or sustainable development initiatives.
7. Argumentation: This model presents a claim, provides evidence to support it, and addresses opposing viewpoints. It aims to persuade the reader of the validity of the argument.
* Example: Arguing for the importance of education by presenting evidence of its economic and social benefits, while acknowledging potential challenges like cost and accessibility.
Important Note: Writers often combine different models within a single essay. For example, an essay might define a concept, then classify its types, and finally explore its causes and effects.
By understanding these models, writers can choose the most effective structure for their specific topic and audience, making their expository writing clear, informative, and engaging.