Formal:
* Data repository
* Data store
* Data collection
* Information system
* Data management system
Informal:
* Data pool
* Data vault
* Data center (though this refers to the physical location)
* Information archive
More specific:
* Relational database (if it's a relational database)
* NoSQL database (if it's a NoSQL database)
* Graph database (if it's a graph database)
The best word to use will depend on the specific situation and your desired level of formality.