English Cohesive Devices:
1. Reference:
* Pronouns: This, that, these, those, he, she, it, they, we, you, I
* Demonstrative adjectives: This, that, these, those
* Proper nouns: Names of people, places, organizations, etc.
* Comparative adjectives: This, that, these, those
* Possessives: My, your, his, her, its, our, their
2. Substitution:
* One/Ones: "I have a blue car, but I want a red one."
* Do so/do that: "I'm going to the store, and I'm going to do so later."
* Same/Similar: "They both went to the same school."
3. Ellipsis:
* Omission of words that can be understood from the context.
* "Have you been to the store?" "Yes, I have."
4. Conjunctions:
* Coordinating conjunctions: And, but, or, so, for, yet
* Subordinating conjunctions: Because, although, since, while, if, unless, when
5. Lexical Cohesion:
* Repetition: Using the same word or phrase.
* Synonyms: Using words with similar meanings.
* Hyponyms/Hypernyms: Using words that are more specific or general.
* Collocations: Using words that typically go together.
6. Transitional Phrases:
* Addition: Furthermore, moreover, in addition, also, besides, and
* Contrast: However, on the other hand, nevertheless, conversely, but, yet
* Cause and effect: Therefore, consequently, as a result, hence, so, because
* Exemplification: For example, for instance, such as, namely
* Time: After, before, then, meanwhile, subsequently, finally
* Place: Next to, above, below, near, beyond
Examples:
* Reference: "The dog chased the ball. It ran across the yard."
* Substitution: "I have a car, but I want a bigger one."
* Ellipsis: "Have you eaten lunch?" "Yes, I have."
* Conjunction: "The weather was bad, so we stayed home."
* Lexical Cohesion: "The cat sat on the mat. Feline creatures are often found in comfortable spots."
* Transitional Phrase: "Furthermore, the author provides evidence to support his claims."
These cohesive devices help to create a clear and logical flow within a text by establishing connections between sentences, paragraphs, and ideas.