1. Primary Education (École Primaire):
* Maternelle (Preschool): Ages 2-6, focusing on play-based learning, social skills, and language development.
* Élémentaire (Elementary): Ages 6-11, covering basic subjects like French, math, science, history, geography, and art.
2. Secondary Education (Second degré):
* Collège (Middle School): Ages 11-15, with compulsory education and a broader curriculum including languages, technology, and humanities.
* Lycée (High School): Ages 15-18, offering specialized tracks (general, technical, vocational) and preparing students for higher education or professional life.
3. Higher Education (Enseignement Supérieur):
* Universités (Universities): Offering bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees in various fields.
* Grandes écoles (Grandes écoles): Highly selective, specialized institutions offering prestigious degrees in areas like engineering, business, and the arts.
Key Features:
* Compulsory Education: From ages 6 to 16 (until completion of the Collège).
* Centralized System: The Ministry of Education plays a central role in curriculum, teacher training, and school administration.
* Baccalauréat (Bac): A national exam taken at the end of lycée, determining access to higher education.
* Free Education: Public education is generally free for all students, regardless of their family's income.
Beyond the Structure:
The French system also features:
* Special Education: Provision for students with disabilities and learning difficulties.
* Private Education: Alongside public schools, private schools are also available, though they are generally more expensive.
* Continuous Assessment: Grades are based on regular coursework and exams, rather than solely on final exams.
Important Note: The French school system is constantly evolving. This is a general overview, and there are many specific nuances and variations within the system.