1. Czechoslovakia: The Sudetenland, a region in the northwest of Czechoslovakia, had a large German-speaking population.
2. Poland: The regions of Upper Silesia and Posen, annexed by Poland after the war, also had significant German populations.
It's important to note that there were other countries with German minorities after the war, but these two are often cited as the most significant due to the size and concentration of the German population in these regions.