* "Population does not use" is correct when you're talking about a population *not* engaging in a particular activity. For example:
* "The population does not use this type of medication."
* "The local population does not use public transportation."
* "Population uses" is correct when you're talking about a population *engaging* in a particular activity. For example:
* "The population uses this park for recreation."
* "The population uses solar panels for energy."
In short, the correct phrase depends on the context and whether you're describing something the population does or does not do.