1. Context and Non-Verbal Cues:
* Spoken language is inherently more contextual: The setting, the audience, and the immediate interaction all shape the message and its interpretation. Non-verbal cues like tone of voice, facial expressions, and body language further enrich the meaning.
* Written language is often devoid of this context: The reader relies solely on the written words, lacking the immediate feedback and nuances present in speech.
2. Spontaneity and Fluidity:
* Spoken language is often more spontaneous: We tend to think and speak simultaneously, allowing our true feelings and opinions to slip through.
* Written language is more deliberate: We have more time to think, edit, and revise, potentially softening or hiding our true attitudes.
3. Audience Awareness:
* In spoken language, we're directly addressing our audience: This can lead to more direct expressions of our views, even if those views are controversial.
* In written language, we're often writing for a broader audience: We may be more conscious of potential offense or misunderstanding, leading us to be more guarded in our language.
4. Social Norms and Expectations:
* Different social norms govern speech and writing: We may feel more comfortable expressing strong opinions in conversation than in a formal written document.
* Writing often adheres to specific conventions: These conventions may require a more objective or neutral tone, potentially masking personal attitudes.
5. The Power of the "Voice":
* The human voice carries emotional weight: Tone, inflection, and pauses can powerfully convey attitudes and emotions.
* Written language is often devoid of this vocal dimension: It relies on words alone, which can be more easily misinterpreted.
In conclusion: While attitudes can be revealed in writing, spoken language provides a more direct and nuanced platform for expressing them, thanks to the presence of context, spontaneity, audience awareness, and the power of the human voice.