Specifically, they are likely a cultural anthropologist who focuses on the study of human societies and cultures, including their origins, development, and variations. They use a variety of methods to understand and interpret the ways in which people live, think, and interact with each other.
Other related fields of study include:
* Archaeologist: Studies the material remains of past cultures, such as artifacts, buildings, and settlements.
* Historian: Studies written records and other sources to reconstruct the past.
* Linguist: Studies the structure and evolution of languages.
However, it's anthropology that provides the most holistic and comprehensive approach to understanding the complexities of past cultures.