* Cultural diffusion: This is the broadest term, referring to the spread of cultural traits (ideas, beliefs, technologies, customs, etc.) from one group to another. It can occur through trade, migration, conquest, or even just exposure to other cultures through media.
* Acculturation: This term emphasizes the process of adopting aspects of another culture, often by a minority group within a dominant culture. It usually involves some degree of change in the individual's identity.
* Assimilation: This is a more complete form of acculturation, where a group essentially adopts the cultural norms of the dominant group and loses its own distinct identity.
* Borrowing: This is a more specific term that refers to the adoption of specific cultural elements, like words, fashion, or cuisine, without necessarily implying a larger cultural shift.
* Syncretism: This term refers to the fusion of different cultural elements, often religious or spiritual practices, to create a new and unique blend.
The best term to use depends on the specific context and the nature of the cultural exchange. For example, if you are talking about the adoption of chopsticks by Westerners, "borrowing" might be the most appropriate term. However, if you are discussing the integration of immigrants into a new society, "acculturation" or even "assimilation" might be more accurate.