Which language is the most dominant in terms of number speakers who use it as their primary or secondary tongue?

The most dominant language in terms of number of speakers is Mandarin Chinese.

Here's why:

* Native speakers: Mandarin Chinese has the largest number of native speakers, with estimates exceeding 1 billion.

* Total speakers: When you include those who speak it as a second language, the total number of speakers is even larger.

While English has a large number of speakers globally, its dominance is primarily due to its status as a major international language, not the sheer number of native speakers.